The biofuels revolution raises a number of critical issues and opportunities for international development. The opportunity to redirect massive cash flows that were formerly sent overseas for foreign oil purchases into local rural areas could provide a boon to rural development — but will the benefits reach the poor, and will they be environmentally sustainable and beneficial? Leading experts will address these issues from developing-world perspectives including development economics, cropping systems, greenhouse gas and energy balances and the environment, and biotechnology opportunities.