Monday, June 18, 2007 - 1:05 PM

Influence of Chemical and Microbial Fungicides, and Plant Extracts on Soilborne Diseases and Performance of Valencia Peanut.

Soum Sanogo and Naveen Puppala. New Mexico State University, EPPWS, MSC 3 BE, N 141 Skeen Hall, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8003

Soilborne diseases are major constraints to peanut production in New Mexico. The effects of 15 treatments on soilborne diseases and performance of Valencia peanut were assessed in two field experiments in eastern New Mexico. Treatments consisted of a chemical fungicide (Abound applied in-furrow, and on foliage at 60 days after planting), a streptomyces-based biofungicide (Micro108 applied at 8g/Kg of seed), a bacillus-based biofungicide (Kodiak at 85 mg/Kg of seed), and in-furrow application of two plant extracts (capsicum oleoresin at 5 and 15%, and garlic at 16% solution). The first field was characterized by a high pressure of blackhull disease, whereas the second field was characterized by a low pressure of blackhull and pod rot. In both fields, percent seed emergence was similar under all treatments. In the first field, incidence of blackhull (percentage of pods per plant with blackhull symptoms) was high at 100% (all pods displaying symptoms), and disease severity (area of individual pods covered with symptoms) ranged from 25 to over 90%. Peanut yield was comparable among all treatments. Peanut quality, as measured by the percentage of total sound mature kernels (% TSMK), was also comparable among all treatments. In the second field, incidence of pod rot and blackhull (percentage of pods per plant with pod rot and blackhull symptoms) was low. Peanut yield was comparable among all treatments. Peanut quality (% TSMK), was also comparable among all treatments.

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