This invited symposium will address the role of bioenergy feedstocks in improving the sustainability of the production environments. This symposium will address the benefits of bioenergy feedstocks from field to global scale. Enhancing biodiversity through use of diverse mixtures of species may be as effective in increasing productivity of biomass crops and may better provide ecosystem services. Enhancing biomass crop diversity through monocropping and mixed cropping will be addressed. The symposium will cover sustainability issues related to soil, water, and atmosphere. The symposium will bring together experts to provide a better understanding of enhancing sustainability of production environments.