Growth and Survival of Seven Hardwood Species on Mine Soils in the Appalachian Coalfields.

Reforestation of the Appalachian coalfields with native hardwoods is becoming increasing popular.  However, finding and establishing suitable hardwoods is difficult due to the low productivity of the overburden of surface mining sites.  The purpose of this study was to contrast the growth, survival, and overall performance of seven hardwood species.  In addition, the overall tree performance was examined as a function of mine soil fertility.  Tree seedlings were planted in 1992 near Wise, VA, in three replicate blocks on reclaimed mined land. At age 16, there was no statistical difference in survival among species, although differences among experimental blocks occurred due to a fertility gradient. The seven hardwood species were grouped as non-native energy species, traditional reclamation species, and native commercial species.  Eastern cottonwood, a non-native species, out-produced all other species and may be a good prospect for bioenergy wood. Commonly-planted sycamore and white ash grew well for 5 yr after which their growth slowed.   Black walnut survived well but grew poorly.  Of the native commercial species, northern red oak, white oak, and yellow poplar performed well and are good prospects for reforestation in the Appalachians.