Monday, 25 June 2007 - 11:15 AM

Tillage Tools for Manure Incorporation and N Conservation.

Joseph R. Lawrence1, Shawn Bossard2, Quirine Ketterings1, and Gregory Godwin1. (1) Cornell University, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, 813 Bradfield Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, (2) Cornell Cooperative Extension of Seneca County, 308 Main Street Shop Centre, Waterloo, NY 13165

Odor and ammonia emissions from surface applied manure are major concerns in rural New York (NY). Injection or full incorporation of the manure following application can greatly reduce such emissions but injection may not always be practical, and complete incorporation requires plowing which is incompatible with reduced-tillage systems. Our objectives were to determine the impact of a partial manure application method using an Aerway® aerator directly following manure application on nitrogen (N) availability and corresponding corn (Zea mays L.) grain yield. In addition to an inorganic maximum N control treatment, Aerway incorporation was compared to chisel plow incorporation and surface application without incorporation in a randomized complete block design with six replicates. The trial was conducted in 2005 and 2006 at the Musgrave Research Farm (Central NY). All treatments received a starter N application of 34 kg N ha-1 and for the inorganic N treatment, 134 kg N ha-1 was applied at sidedress time. Manure was applied at 70,125 L ha-1  in 2005 and 84,150 L ha-1 in 2006 approximately two weeks prior to corn planting for a total estimated N availability of 112 kg N ha-1 for the chisel-plow treatment. Soil samples (0-20 cm and 0-30 cm depth) were taken prior to manure application, at planting, sidedressing and harvest and analyzed for soil nitrate. Averaged over the two years, nitrate levels (0-30 cm) at sidedressing time were 15.4 and 12.2 mg kg-1 for the chisel and Aerway® treatments, respectively, versus 7.7 mg kg-1 for the surface application and 7.1 mg kg-1 for the inorganic N control. Grain yields were equal for the two incorporation methods (16.0 Mg ha-1, 100% DM) and significantly higher than for non-incorporated manure (14.3 Mg ha-1, 100% DM). We conclude that Aerway® aeration following manure application results in N conservation equal to chisel plow incorporation.  

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