Ammonium nitrate and urea have been the most popular sources of N for forage production in the
Midwest. However, ammonium nitrate is a security issue for the fertilizer industry, because it can be used as an explosive. Surface application of urea, on the other hand, can be problematic due to nitrogen volatilization. These issues are driving producers to look at alternative forms of N fertilizer for pastures. The objective was to compare ammonium nitrate and urea to ammonium sulfate, coated urea products, and mixtures of ammonium sulfate with urea and ammonium sulfate with polymer coated urea as a source of nitrogen for tall fescue. Established tall fescue was fertilized with seven different N sources in mid-March and mid-August in separate experiments at two locations in
Missouri during 2005 and 2006. The nitrogen fertilizer application rate was 75 lb/acre. Treatments in both experiments were replicated five times in a randomized complete block design. We found that ammonium sulfate ranked in the top producing group at nearly all harvests and locations. Additionally, ammonium nitrate, urea, and ammonium sulfate proved to be nearly equal N fertilizer sources for tall fescue in spring. We noted that in each year both locations received ample moisture within 5 days of the fertilizer application. For N applied in late-summer, many of the products yielded similarly. Urea, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium sulfate had comparable yields in three of four site-years. However, in the dry autumn of 2005, tall fescue fertilized with urea yielded 35% less than that fertilized with ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulfate. Forage nutritive value results show that crude protein from plots fertilized with ammonium sulfate, polymer coated urea, or polymer coated urea mixed with ammonium sulfate was 1 to 2 percentage units greater than when plots were fertilized with urea.