With changing cropping systems, management options, nutrient sources, and technologies come questions such as: “Just what are the current best management practices (BMPs) for fertilizer use, and what new products and practices should be included? Who should be defining BMPs? Is a geopolitical basis (boundaries) for BMPs effective, or should we be taking more of an agro-ecological approach? How do we verify adoption of BMPs? What are the expectations (versus reality) of the impact from their adoption (e.g., environmental, economic)?” This session will attempt to address pertinent question concerning development and implementation of modern fertilizer BMPs.