Monika Saini, Auburn Univ, Dept. of Agronomy & Soils, 202 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36832 and Andrew J. Price, USDA-ARS, 411 S Donahue, Auburn, AL 36832.
Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.,) production systems typically utilize conventional tillage, plastic mulch, and multiple herbicide applications to keep fields weed free. An experiment was conducted in 2005 and 2006 at the North Alabama Horticulture Experiment Station located in Cullman, AL. A similar experiment was conducted in 2006 at George Washington Carver Agricultural Experiment Station of Tuskegee University at Tuskegee, AL. Three conservation-tillage systems utilizing Trifolium incarnatum L., Raphanus sativus L., and Secale cereale as winter cover crops were compared to a conventional black polythene mulch system for weed control and tomato performance. All four systems were evaluated with and without herbicides for weed control and tomato performance. Herbicide treatments included a preemergence (PRE) application of metalochlor(8.54 kg a.i./hec) either alone or followed by an early postemergence (POST) metribuzin(4.48 kg a.i./hec) application and a late POST application of clethodim(2.24 kg a.i./hec). The covers were terminated two weeks prior to tomato transplanting with glyphosate applied at 1.12 kg a.i./hec. All covers were flattened with a mechanical roller/crimper prior the chemical termination. At Cullman in 2005, none of the three cover crops or the polythene mulch were sufficient in controlling weeds without herbicides. Plastic mulch with both PRE plus POST applications provided greater than 98% control of all weeds except yellow nutsedge (91%). In 2006, rye when evaluated without herbicides provided better control than the polythene mulch. It also provided a better control without the postemergent application. For all the treatments evaluated in 2006 the POST application did not result in any significant increase in weed control compared to treatments having only preemergent applications. In Tuskegee, Rye without any herbicide provided the best control of virginia buttonweed (96.8%), yellow nutsedge(98%) and smallflower morningglory (98%).
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