The soybean aphids have become the major soybean pest since it was reported in 2000 in North America. No commercial soybean cultivars with aphid resistance in early maturity group are currently available. Soybean plant introduction (PI) 567541B was identified to be resistant to the soybean aphids in 2005 and it possesses an antibiosis resistance. The objective of this study was to identify QTLs for resistance to the soybean aphids in PI 567541B. One hundred eighty-eight F2 lines from a cross between E00075 x PI 567541B were used as the mapping population. E00075 was used as a susceptible source. The individual plants of the mapping population were evaluated in an insect-proof polypropylene cage with dimension of 12.2- x 18.3-m and in a 0.49-mm mesh size for resistance in 2005. The seeds of the F2 plants were bulked as F2:3 lines and these lines were evaluated in 2006 again for aphid resistance. The population was genotyped with 106 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers covering 16 of the 20 soybean linkage groups (LG). Single marker analysis (SMA) and composite interval mapping (CIM) methods were used to determine the locations of the QTLs on the soybean linkage map. In SMA, four markers from LGs B1, E, H, and K showed significant association with resistance to the soybean aphids. In CIM, no QTLs were found near the four markers. This is likely due to the low marker density of our current linkage map. The results from this study will guide our future investigation of QTLs underlying soybean aphid resistance in PI 567541B.