The Department of Defense, along with many other land managing agencies, has been concerned about incompatible land uses beyond their fence lines.  Land uses such as urban development have had significant constraining impact on operations on military bases and ranges.  However, the Department and the services have proactively worked to address these problems and to develop partnerships with states and local communities to ensure more collaborative planning on both sides of the military fenceline.  This presentation will characterize the nature and extent of this encroachment problem, examine the effectiveness of mitigating efforts by the military and by states and local communities, and suggest additional approaches that could extend the effectiveness of collaborative regional planning initiatives.