The link between airborne particulates and human health is coming under greater scrutiny in the modern era. Scientific evidence suggests that these particulates can be laced with organic chemicals, microbiologic pathogens, and potentially carcinogenic minerals. Recent research demonstrates significant correlations between airborne particulate concentrations and size with an increasing incidence of respiratory disorders. Desertification from anthropogenic causes and the indirect effects of climate change may result in changes to dust loads and sizing. This presentation provides a broad overview of current thinking in regards to airborne particulates, their impacts on human health, and research needs.