In the eastern Great Plains, winter wheat is often rotated with other crops, such as soybean, corn, and grain sorghum, to diversify cropping systems.  Soybeans typically are planted as a double-crop after wheat harvest, giving 3 crops in 2 years.  This long-term research study investigates the combined effects of both crop rotation and tillage on yields of winter wheat and double-crop soybean in a 2-yr crop rotation in southeastern Kansas.  Over a 10-yr period, previous crop (corn, grain sorghum, and soybean) has had a smaller effect on wheat yield, compared with previous fertilizer research trials, mainly because nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer was knifed below crop residues before planting to eliminate possible N losses from immobilization and to increase efficiency of applied P.  Wheat yields have been highest following soybean, intermediate following corn, and lowest following grain sorghum.  But, double-crop soybean yields were greatest when corn and grain sorghum preceded wheat and least when soybean preceded wheat.  Tillage (no-till vs disk) has had very little affect on wheat and double-crop soybean yields.  Results show the importance of evaluating all crop yields within a particular cropping system rather than just one segment of the rotation.