Fernando Munoz and Chad M. Hutchinson. University of Florida, PO Box 728, Hastings, FL 32145
Potato production (8-10,000 ha) in the Tri-county Agricultural Area (TCAA) around Hastings, Florida is valued at approximately $65,000,000 annually. The IFAS recommended fertilizer rate is 212 kg N ha-1 although some potato farmers apply more N to reduce nutrient stress during wet seasons. Excess soluble N in potato increases the risk of nitrate leaching and/or runoff in the St John River watershed. Legumes in crop rotation programs with potato could supply N to the potato crop and reduce the need for soluble fertilizers. The project was located at three grower fields in the TCAA over a two year period. The six treatments were planted following a rotation pattern of winter/spring, summer, and fall. The treatments were: Potato-Sorghum-Fallow, Potato-Cowpea-Greenbean, and Potato-Cowpea-Fallow. The potato crop was fertilized at either 168 or 212 kg N ha-1. Soil NH4-N and NO3-N were higher in potato plots following cowpea and green bean. The rotation exhibited higher NO3-N concentration in the soil solution and water table than rotation with sorghum and cowpea. Green bean yield averaged 6,316 kg ha-1. Marketable potato yield in the cowpea-green bean rotation averaged 41.8 MT ha-1 over the three sites and was significantly higher than the sorghum or cowpea treatments (average 31.6 MT ha-1). A low incidence of internal heat necrosis was observed with no significant differences between treatments. Preliminary results indicate that green bean increased soil N before the potato season. However, these plots also exhibited higher leaching potential compared to other plots.
Handout (.pdf format, 7174.0 kb)
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