Genetic diversity is very important for sustaining crop production. The objective of this study was to molecularly evaluate elite Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance resource for their genetic diversity. Twenty-one FHB resistance wheat cultivars/lines (13 from the United States, seven from Asia and one from South America) were genotyped with 48 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers selected for maximum genome coverage. A total of 213 allelic variants were detected at 48 SSR loci, ranging from one to eleven per locus with an average of 4.4. The mean polymorphism information content values of the loci ranged from 0 (Gwm 16, Gwm 68, Gwm 165, Gwm192, Gwm 332 and Gwm 573) to 0.9834 (Gwm 131). The calculated genetic similarities matrix varied from 0.76923 (between FHBC 02-1 and FHBC 02-3) to 0.26357 (between Abura and Suami 3). UPGMA analysis based on genetic distance estimates produced five main clusters at a similarity threshold of 80% similarity. Cluster A consist of Abura (Brazil), Tokai 66 (Japan), and Ning7840 and Changjiang 8809 (China). Cluster B is only composed of entries from China including Sumai 3. Cluster C contains elite lines of South Dakota plus a Minnesota cultivar BacUp . Cluster D has only two possible sister lines FHBC02-1 and FHBC02-3. All the four North Dakota elite lines were grouped into Cluster E. This SSR survey provided an estimate of genetic relationships among the FHB resistance resources. The results suggested that 1) US cultivars/lines were closely related to each other, particularly those from the same breeding program; 2) cultivars from China, Japan and South America were distant from US cultivars/lines; 3) breeding for FHB resistance has narrowed genetic variance among FHB-resistant cultivars in the same geographic area; and, therefore, 4) expanding genetic diversity by pyramiding different FHB resistance resources should be emphasized in breeding program in the further.