Victor Ruiz and Laosheng Wu. Univ. of California-Riverside, Department of Environmental Sciences, Riverside, CA 92521
The use of high salinity and sodicity irrigation water is increasing due to the competition for limited supplies of good-quality water. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of high sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) on the bulk soil electrical conductivity (ECa) of three soils with smectite, vermiculite-smectite, and kaolinite as predominant clay minerals. Samples of the three soils were moderately sodificated by leaching with three pore volumes of NaCl-CaCl2 solutions (incipient sodification). The EC of the leaching solution ranged from <0.01 to 20 dS m-1 and SAR from 0 to 50. A separate procedure was conducted on smectitic soil samples, which were equilibrated with solutions of decreasing EC (from 40.0 to 3.0 dS m-1) and SAR 50 and 0 (complete sodification). For incipient sodification, SAR had no significant effect on the ECa of any of the test soils. The ECa of the kaolinitic soil was consistently lower than the ECa of the smectitic and vermiculitic soils. For complete sodification, the ECa of the smectitic soil increased from 1.14 to 2.42 dS m-1 when SAR increased from 0 to 50, provided that the EC of the soil solution (ECw) was ≤ 4 dS m-1. This response was attributed to a 46% increase in water content on the series path and 58% increase in EC of the solid phase when SAR increased from 0 to 50. For ECw beyond 4 dS m-1, the difference in ECa between SAR 0 and SAR 50 treatments diminished progressively. For both the smectitic and vermiculitic soils, SAR ≤ 13 does not affect the relationship between ECa and ECw. The ECa of the smetitic soil increases when SAR is 50 and ECw is ≈4 dS m-1.
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