Leslie A. Everett, University of Minnesota Water Resources Center, 173 McNeal Hall, 1985 Buford Ave, St. Paul, MN 55108 and Jeffrey Vetsch, Univ. Minnesota Southern Research and Outreach Center, 35838-120th St., Waseca, MN 56093.
No-till planting of corn into soybean residue in Minnesota significantly increases the risk of reduced yields compared with more aggressive tillage because of lower temperatures and higher moisture early in the season. On-station experiments indicate that strip-tillage can maintain yields, while leaving sufficient residue to protect soil from wind and water erosion. Adoption of strip-till has been slow in Minnesota, so a two year on-farm research/demonstration trial was launched to compare reduced tillage systems with chisel-plow. Tillage systems, applied in replicated field-sized strips, were compared at 10 farm-sites in 2004 and 9 sites in 2005. Sites were managed in partnership with the UM Extension Service and Monsanto Corporation. Corn grain yields were significantly affected by tillage treatments at 6 of 10 sites in 2004. Averaged across 7 sites where similar tillage treatments were compared, corn grain yields were 10.6, 11.0, 10.9, and 11.1 Mg ha-1 for no-till, strip-till, one-pass (spring field cultivate), and chisel plow, respectively. These results parallel long-term average yields for these treatments on the research station at Waseca, MN. At the other 3 sites where strip-till and chisel plow were compared, chisel plow tillage yielded 1.0 Mg ha-1 greater than strip-till, reflecting the record cool growing season of 2004. Summer field days were held at most locations, with 780 attendees in 2004. On-site questionnaires/evaluations by field day participants indicated that many came to explore strip-tillage for their farms but expressed concerns about management for reduced tillage, especially fertilizer application methods and rates, drainage requirements, and cost of equipment.
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