Phytoremediation is a method in which plants, microorganisms in the soil and in the rhizosphere, soil amendments, and the application of agronomic techniques interact to enhance contaminant degradation. We hypothesized that it was possible to improve remediation of pyrene-contaminated soil by adding an appropriate amount of N fertilizer and growing bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L). Captina silt loam contaminated with 0 or 1000 mg pyrene/kg of soil was amended with urea at pyrene-carbon:urea-nitrogen (C:N) ratios of 4.5:1, 9:1, 18:1, or unamended. Zero, one, two, or three bermudagrass sprigs were planted per pot and -33 kPa moisture potential was maintained. Pyrene concentrations, polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degrader microbial numbers, shoot and root parameters, ammonium-N, and nitrate-N levels were measured following the 100-d greenhouse study. There was a significant C:N ratio x number of plants interaction (P<0.05). With no plants and C:N ratios of 4.5:1, 9:1, 18:1, and unamended, the pyrene remaining was 687, 482, 225, and 123 mg/kg, respectively. None of the one, two or three plants at any of the C:N ratios were different with a mean value of 311 mg pyrene/kg soil. Root surface area was not different for two or three plants, but both values were greater than the surface area of one plant. PAH degrading microbial numbers were significantly higher in the pyrene-contaminated soil compared to the control with log₁₀ MPN/g values of 7.69 and 2.74, respectively. Pyrene reduced shoot and root biomass, root length, and root surface area, but increased root diameter. This study indicated that addition of urea-N and bermudagrass did not enhance pyrene degradation under the conditions of this study.