The influence of agricultural management practices and soil environmental conditions on emission of biogenic gases (CO₂, N₂O and CH₄) is complex because environmental controls and management practices may have opposite effects on the production and consumption of different gases. For example, soil compaction induces environmental conditions (e.g., lower air-filled porosity) that reduce/enhance microbial activity and gas diffusion, whereas nitrogen (N) fertilizer application can stimulate/constrain soil microbial processes that control emission of biogenic gases. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of compaction and fertilization on the fluxes of biogenic gases from soil. A factorial experimental design included four N fertilizer rates and four compaction treatments randomized in four blocks. Surface fluxes of biogenic gases were measured from April to November; other measurements included maize yield, post-harvest soil mineral N and bulk density. The largest fluxes and the majority of the cumulative seasonal N₂O emission occurred before the end of June. No effect of compaction was observed on cumulative CO₂ emission, but an effect was observed for cumulative CH₄ uptake. N₂O fluxes were consistently and substantially higher in plots treated with 300 kg N/ha, resulting in a cumulative emission that was significantly greater than the other fertilizer treatments. N₂O fluxes were consistently higher (up to 6 times) in the compacted treatment compared to those in the non-compacted treatment, resulting in a cumulative emission that was significantly greater than that for the uncompacted soil.