Experimental Roundup Ready alfalfa (RRA) cultivars are currently being tested widely across the U.S. This technology offers many new opportunities for establishing and maintaining weed-free alfalfa stands. In 2004 and 2005, we evaluated 'Shaw' and an RRA experimental line for emergence and first-year forage production when no-till seeded into bromegrass-dominated sod that was terminated with glyphosate herbicide 29 (29-d), 14(14-d) or 0 (0-d) days before seeding. Alfalfa plant populations and forage yield in the 29-d treatment were similar to those in a conventionally-prepared seedbed, and significantly better than those of 14-d or 0-d. Despite its resistance to glyphosate, the RRA line did not appear to be useful for a single-pass operation of herbicide application and no-till seeding.