Anatoliy Kravchenko and Kurt Thelen. Michigan State University, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, A276 Crop & Soil Science, East Lansing, MI 48824
Two established methods for increasing the sustainability of production agricultural cropping systems are (i) increasing crop residue levels by reducing tillage and (ii) including a winter annual crop in the rotation. However, many crops following winter wheat in tillage and no-till systems have reduced grain yields. The objective of this study is to develop management practices to overcome the observed negative yield response in corn (Zea mays L.) grain grown following winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in no-till, high residue cropping systems. It is hypothesized that legume cover crops and manure compost soil amendments can be used to overcome the rotational wheat antagonism in such cropping systems. The experimental design was RCBD with 3 factors and 8 replications. The studied factors were presence of wheat residue from the previous crop with three levels (no residue, below ground residue, below and above ground residue); manure application with two levels (with or without); and red clover (Trifolium pretense L.) with two levels (with or without). Data were collected in 2003, 2004 and 2005. The measurements included corn grain yield, grain moisture, plant growth characteristics (emergence, plant height, VT stage, chlorophyll content, PSNT, soil moisture and temperature taken weekly in the beginning of the growing seasons. The results indicated that in 2003 and 2004 presence of wheat residue decreased soil temperature, increased soil moisture, decreased amount of chlorophyll in early stages, decreased height of corn in early stages, delayed VT stage of corn for about one week, decreased amount of plant available N as determined by the PSNT results, increased grain moisture and test weight of corn at harvest, and reduced emergence and population of corn in 2003. In 2004 treatments with clover and manure had the highest yields.
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