Mine reclamation success is currently based on aboveground ecosystem components, mainly vegetation characteristics, with little consideration of belowground ecosystem components. Recovery of belowground components, such as soil micro- and macroaggregates, is crucial to the successful reclamation of disturbed lands. Inadequate recovery of belowground ecosystem components during reclamation could result in problems with ecosystem function and lead to future site degradation. In this study, above- and belowground components were sampled on reclaimed mine sites in Wyoming representing various ages (undisturbed, 11, 24, and 28 year old reclamation) to determine if aboveground indicators of recovery accurately reflect recovery of soil structure and function. Cool-season grass (native and reclaimed) communities were sampled for aboveground biomass production, cover and diversity according to Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality standards. Soil samples were analyzed for aggregate size distribution and stability with wet sieving. We hypothesize that aboveground plant community characteristics will not be accurate indicators of recovery of belowground ecosystem structure and function.