Eddie Zhang, Jinpeng Xing, and Thomas Gianfagna. Rutgers University, Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, 59 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901
Turfgrasses are being subjected to rising amounts of salinity stress, resulting from increased salinization of agricultural areas and use of non-potable water sources as a method of turfgrass irrigation. The objective of this study was to determine whether we can improve salinity tolerance of turfgrass by selecting for somoclonal variation. Calli of creeping bentgrass (cv. ‘Penncross') were generated in MS medium containing varying concentrations of NaCl (0, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5%). Callus growth rate decreased with the concentration of NaCl in the culture medium. Despite showing a significant decrease in growth rate, a large number of calli in the 1.25% - 1.5% salinity range still showed characteristics of growth after 28 days while those calli produced in 0%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0% NaCl medium stopped growing. Surviving calli from the 1.5% range were regenerated into plants for further tests of salinity tolerance. Salinity tolerance of 1.5%-NaCl regenerated plants was compared against those regenerated from calli with 0% NaCl control. Both groups of plants were sprayed weekly with 100 mL of 0% NaCl solution or 1.5% NaCl solution. Prior to salt treatment, leaf samples were taken from the plants and rinsed under running deionized water in order to remove salt particles from leaves. Samples were subsequently tested for leaf relative water content, osmotic potential, chlorophyll content, and electrolyte leakage. The initial pretreatment figures showed no change in EL% between the 1.5%-NaCl regenerated plants and non-NaCl, selected plants. Following a week of salt treatment, 1.5%-NaCl regenerated plants had lower EL% than non-NaCl selected plants. These results suggest that callus selected through increasing concentrations of salt generated turfgrass plants that have greater tolerance to high salinity. The laboratory test demonstrated that it may be feasible to produce salinity tolerant creeping bentgrass through somoclonal selection.
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