Six soil pedons were sampled on the upper Afram Basin in Ghana that represented a variety of soil types. These soils developed in coarse-grained Voltaian sandstone and shale. The objective of this paper is to describe the degree of mineral weathering and pedogenesis of these soils. Results from this study showed that quartz was the dominant mineral identified in optical mineralogy and kaolinite was the dominant mineral in X-ray diffractions. Faunal activities such as termites and earthworms, and vegetation differences were important soil developmental factors observed in photomicrographs. Also, iron and clay illuviation were dominant in soils on mature landscapes.