Monday, 7 November 2005 - 2:00 PM
44-3

Conservation Tillage, Winter Cover Crop, Peanut Cultivar, and Fungicide Application on Peanut Disease and Yield.

Ronald Sorensen1, Timothy Brenneman2, and Marshall Lamb1. (1) USDA-ARS-National Peanut Reserach Laboratory, PO Box 509, 1011 Forrester Dr. SE, Dawson, GA 39842-0509, (2) University of Georgia, Dept. of Plant Pathology, P.O. Box 748, TIfton, GA 31794

Strip tillage with various cover crops in peanut (Arachis hypogaea, L.) production has not shown a clear yield advantage over conventional tillage. This study was conducted to determine pod yield and disease incidence between two tillage practices, five winter cover crops, three peanut cultivars, and three fungicide application treatments. Conventional and strip tillage treatments were implemented on a Greenville sandy loam (fine, kaolinitic, thermic Rhodic Kandiudults) near Shellman, GA. Five winter cereal grain cover crops (strip tillage) and conventional tillage treatment were sprayed at full (1.0R, 7 applications), half (0.5R, 4 applications) and no (0R) fungicide applications. Early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola) and stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) increased as fungicide applications decreased. Within peanut cultivars, leaf spot decreased as fungicide increased. Stem rot incidence was the same for the 1.0R and 0.5R fungicide applications and increased at the 0R fungicide application. Conventional tillage had more leaf spot than strip tillage. There was no leaf spot difference between winter cover crops. There was no difference in stem rot incidence with tillage or winter cover crop. Conventional tillage had more early leaf spot compared with strip tillage. There was no yield difference between peanut cultivars. Pod yield was the same for the 1.0R and 0.5R fungicide rate (3867 kg/ha) but decreased at the 0R fungicide rate (2740 kg/ha). Pod yield was greater with conventional tillage and strip tillage with black oats (Avena sativa, 3706 kg/ha) compared with strip tillage of other winter cover crop treatments (3358 kg/ha). The 0.5R fungicide rate had the same yield compared with the 1.0R fungicide rate implying a possible 50% savings on fungicide applications.

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