Simulation models suggest that the agriculture and water resources of the Plains may be stressed even further as its climate changes because of global warming, which is due primarily to the emissions of greenhouse gases from fossil fuel combustion.  This presentation will explore the possibility that the ecology and economy of the Plains region (and physiographically similar regions worldwide) would benefit from the introduction of perennial biomass crops. Biomass production and processing on the Plains, possibly aided by genetic engineering, would partially restore a perennial vegetative cover and create new employment opportunities. Biomass also offers a means of reducing fossil fuel use, providing fuel to local power plants and a feedstock for production of cellulosic ethanol, a substitute for gasoline. Interest in biofuels is growing rapidly in public, political and business circles with rising fossil fuel prices and because of a growing recognition of the need for energy independence in petroleum importing countries.