Monday, November 5, 2007
75-9

Nutrient Runoff during Natural Rainfall Event from Golf Course Fairways.

Kyungjoon Koh1, Greg E. Bell1, and Justin Moss2. (1) Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Oklahoma State University, 360 Agriculture Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078-6027, (2) 663 Wyarno Road, University of Wyoming, University of Wyoming, Sheridan Research & Extension Center, Sheridan, WY 82801

Fairways comprise the largest portion of intensively managed turfgrass on golf courses and often border bodies of water. Fairways are fertilized throughout the growing season and surface runoff of nutrients can occur. Although several studies have measured the amount of nutrient runoff from turf that occurs during simulated storm events, the amount of nutrient runoff that is likely to occur under normal conditions is not known. The objective of this study is to investigate the amount of nutrient runoff that occurs from a bermudagrass golf course fairway under normal maintenance conditions and natural rainfall. Fertilizer was applied to plots (6400 sq. ft.) at the beginning of each month during the growing season on a site specifically constructed and managed to simulate a bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.) golf course fairway. Runoff samples were collected and tested for NO3-N, NH4-N, and dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) during natural rainfall events that produced runoff in 2003 through 2006. A total of thirteen runoff events were monitored for nutrient losses and flow rates were collected for sixteen events. These events resulted in total losses of less than 1% of the N and P applied as fertilizer during the 4-year period. Once runoff began, approximately 26% of the rainfall that occurred became runoff. After averaging sixteen events over 5-minute time intervals following the initiation of runoff, the cumulative rainfall with cumulative runoff exhibited a nearly perfect quadratic relationship (r2=1.0). Using the same preliminary averaging, the relationship between nutrient loss rates and runoff flow rates was also quite strong (r2=0.99,N; r2=0.96,P). However, the N loss rate had a poor relationship (r2=0.07) with N concentrations in runoff and although the P loss rate was much stronger (r2=0.87), the comparisons suggested that runoff volume was the primary factor that influenced nutrient losses.